The Netherlands aims to be fully circular by 2050, halving resource consumption by 2030. Waste prevention will be key, since the country's waste generation exceeds the European average. Large or small, cities are instrumental in managing waste prevention as they are both consumption hubs and waste generators. 

Circle Economy was asked by the executive agency of the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management to identify the tools available to local government to prevent waste and explore how cities can be designed to help people reduce waste. This study sets out their findings.