The Circularity Gap Report Munich is the first study measuring the Circularity Gap of a city. It assesses the city’s material consumption, material cycling, consumption-based carbon footprint and other indicators. It uses a consumption-based carbon accounting approach for emissions from goods and services consumed by residents of a locality. On average, each Munich resident consumes 32 tonnes of virgin materials annually.

The study acknowledges the successes of Munich’s circular economy strategy with initiatives like investment in public transport, community gardens and remanufacturing activities, but calls for bolder action to accelerate the circular transition

This study was commissioned by CIRCULAR REPUBLIC and authored by the Circle Economy Foundation.