This report explores the links between circularity and economic value, offering a new perspective on how linear practices lead to economic inefficiencies.

CGR has built up a huge body of data by mapping material flows, and this report uses that as a basis to look further and ask about the economic value of the materials we use, the products we consume and the systems we build—and where value is lost or not created.

Current economic models leave substantial value untapped: resources are over-extracted, materials wasted, products underused, and social and economic opportunities missed. The report looks at value creation and loss in mining & extraction, manufacturing, agrifood, construction, mobility and consumables. It also explores the circular potential in each sector.

Businesses across industries increasingly recognise circularity as a strategic lever for resilience, competitiveness and growth. Sourcing rare earths and other critical minerals is also becoming a geopolitical challenge, making the case for circular supply chains.

The conversation has shifted from why circularity matters to how it can be implemented at scale. However, circular strategies are complex to operationalise, so companies require clear priorities, smart design and strong partnerships to overcome scaling challenges.

This white paper outlines methods for prioritisation, approaches to design circular supply chains and key enablers that are essential for scale. It offers leaders actionable strategies to unlock economic value and accelerate circular transformation.