Entocycle upcycles local food waste to feed black soldier fly larvae, which grow very fast and become protein-rich animal feed.

The Italian company Mapei has come up with a product which brings leftover cement in mixer trucks back into the production cycle.

Estonian start-up 3cular has designed a pioneering way of reusing this sawdust to produce new objects with 3D printing. The desired object is designed using 3D modelling software and then a 3D printer is used to produce the object in layers. The printing ink is a combination of sawdust and a non-toxic binder making it possible to print wooden objects faster and easier preserving the environment.

Based in the Danish capital Copenhagen, Veras operates several initiatives to reduce waste in the fashion sector by making it easy for everyone to swap and sell clothes. Veras is primarily an online webshop shipping to all Europe, where users can send in their own clothes. It also hosts weekly clothing markets for everyone to buy and sell clothing and has a flagship store in Copenhagen.

Vanden’s plastic recycling plant transforms plastic waste into commodities, ready to be manufactured into something useful again.

Italian startup Vaia has developed a passive loudspeaker for smartphones by using - as raw material - exclusively wood brought down by storm Vaia that badly hit the Dolomite mountains in Northern Italy in 2018.

Trifilon uses a consistent source of plastic from a European stream and reinforces it with plant fibres, thus improving the properties of the recycled plastics. These can be used to produce a range of colours and surface finishes, matte or polished.

Billy Tannery is a micro-tannery helping to create value by reusing goatskins that would otherwise go to waste, to make leather products.

Ocean Cleanup has launched design sunglasses made from plastic removed from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

In 2017 JRK Waste management introduced an intelligent data system (ECONIT) to reduce the high quantities of mixed municipal waste in Czechia. The programme asks residents to scan their rubbish with QR codes. Information on the quantity and types of waste produced is then used by the local waste management agencies to improve collection and recycling rates.