ECOS believes that by adopting clear targets and definitions and reflecting prevention and reuse priorities in key legislative files, the CEA can deliver environmental and economic benefits.

It feels that the approach outlined in the Call for Evidence risks narrowing the CEA to the functioning of the internal market for waste and secondary raw materials, instead of addressing the structural causes of Europe’s linear economy or respecting the waste hierarchy. The CEA is an opportunity achieve the ambition of the Clean Industrial Deal, committing the EU to become a circular economy world leader by 2030. To succeed, the Act must rest on a dual legal basis, embed the waste hierarchy and lifecycle thinking and provide clear, harmonised definitions that guide implementation across Member States.

The Circular Economy Act is a pivotal opportunity to translate Europe’s ambitions into functioning markets by removing obstacles to the free movement of recycled materials and creating strong demand for circular products.

Recycling is a strategic enabler of circularity and plays a critical role in securing Europe’s economic resilience and decarbonisation agenda. Accordingly, Recycling Europe's policy recommendations aim to unlock demand, establish a level playing field for recycled materials and support the development of a globally competitive recycling industry aligned with the EU’s environmental and strategic objectives.

While welcoming the EU’s recognition of the circular economy’s transformative potential for the EU economy, RREUSE expressed concern about the current narrow focus on recycling and the lack of ambition to promote waste prevention and reuse.

Its recommendations are as follows:

Establish a right to reuse:

• Set binding separate targets for (preparing for) reuse;
• Set EPR fees in line with the waste hierarchy;
• Ensure full cost coverage of (preparing for) reuse activities;
• Prioritise reuse in future criteria for circular public procurement.

Unlock the full potential of social circular enterprises:

• Guarantee social enterprises’ access to waste streams and collection points, as well as ownership of collected materials;
• Allocate earmarked EPR funding for social enterprises;
• Apply zero VAT rates

Greening metals and minerals production, including CRMs, comes with higher capital and operating costs – a 'green premium'. This reflects investment in decarbonising production processes, ensuring robust environmental and social safeguards and advancing circularity.

Manufacturers appear hesitant to absorb such premia and a credible green-premium market for CRMs is unlikely to emerge without regulatory intervention.

This analysis has laid out a phased, two-tier pathway towards a premium market. The first tier would focus on setting minimum market-access requirements, in order to level the playing field and exclude the worst performers from EU market access. A second tier of instruments is therefore needed to reward those who exceed baseline standards through targeted, conditional incentives.

Academics for Circular Economy welcomes the creation of a Circular Economy Act that aims to address issues such as resource dependence, competitiveness, and environmental pressures. To leverage the full economic, social and environmental potential of the circular economy, the Circular Economy Act must address a number of critical points:

• Competitiveness through upstream innovation
• European resource independence by design
• Resilience of the single market
• Environmental protection via a regenerative bioeconomy
• Innovation driven by research and development

The BioBoosters hackathon model has brought together innovators who have come up with workable solutions for a wide range of challenges in the bioeconomy sector. The programme is coming to an end, and this report sets out how the project connected regional innovation systems across the Baltic Sea Region to a joint open innovation platform tackling business-driven circular transition challenges.

It explores the relevance, efficiency, impact and sustainability of the hackathon model and the inter-regional cooperation dimension.

The analysis is based on data and feedback from 18 challenge provider companies, nearly 100 mentored teams and over 500 connected industry and research specialists. It looks at what makes this hackathon model impactful and the added value of an international network.

BioBoosters is a bioeconomy business accelerator. It runs a business-driven hackathon concept to boost the circular transition of the bioeconomy sector. 

The hackathon concept is simple: identify a problem and bring innovators around the table to find a solution. For instance, hemp production in Estonia is flourishing – but the company growing it had no viable use for the stalks. The innovators explored options such as hemp-based filament for 3D printing, hemp as a substrate for mushroom cultivation for biodegradable packaging and extracting enzymes from hemp via fermentation-based processes.

This report covers another eight hackathons, tackling logistics, wood, activated carbon, wine corks, soil health and apples. 

This report explores the links between circularity and economic value, offering a new perspective on how linear practices lead to economic inefficiencies.

CGR has built up a huge body of data by mapping material flows, and this report uses that as a basis to look further and ask about the economic value of the materials we use, the products we consume and the systems we build—and where value is lost or not created.

Current economic models leave substantial value untapped: resources are over-extracted, materials wasted, products underused, and social and economic opportunities missed. The report looks at value creation and loss in mining & extraction, manufacturing, agrifood, construction, mobility and consumables. It also explores the circular potential in each sector.

Businesses across industries increasingly recognise circularity as a strategic lever for resilience, competitiveness and growth. Sourcing rare earths and other critical minerals is also becoming a geopolitical challenge, making the case for circular supply chains.

The conversation has shifted from why circularity matters to how it can be implemented at scale. However, circular strategies are complex to operationalise, so companies require clear priorities, smart design and strong partnerships to overcome scaling challenges.

This white paper outlines methods for prioritisation, approaches to design circular supply chains and key enablers that are essential for scale. It offers leaders actionable strategies to unlock economic value and accelerate circular transformation.

This audit aimed to evaluate the action taken by the European Commission and the Member States with a view to achieving the EU’s objectives for municipal waste.

It assessed whether the Commission’s legal initiatives and enforcement were fit for purpose; whether the four sampled Member States have made good progress in achieving EU waste targets and objectives; and whether the 16 sampled projects in these Member States – co-financed with EU funds – were implemented well in terms of time, cost and capacity.

The audit covered the period from 2014 to 2024. It found that while the Commission has boosted targets and requirements, many Member States face challenges in their progress towards circularity, mainly due to financial constraints and weaknesses in planning and implementation.