The uptake of green and digital technologies will massively increase demand for critical raw materials (CRMs). Since CRM supply chains are heavily concentrated, this exposes the EU to significant CRM supply risks. Several policy options emerge for the EU to address these risks. Domestically, there is potential to produce primary and secondary CRMs, yet significant time and resources will be required to scale up production.

Material substitution and resource efficiency might also play non-negligible roles with enough R&I support. Internationally, both trade policy and international cooperation (including within multilateral fora) hold significant prospects for mitigating supply risks. If properly managed, stockpiling CRMs can also help shield against short-term supply or price shock.

This UNEP report outlines what each stakeholder group can do individually and collectively to reach the shared destination of a circular textile sector. 

This report takes stock of Circle Economy Foundation's achievements over the last decade.

The Foundation aims to accelerate the transition to the circular economy, drawing on an international team of experts based in Amsterdam who flag up practical and scalable solutions to put the circular economy into action. The ultimate goal is to see global circularity double by 2032.

The Impact Report focuses on the Circularity Gap Reporting Initiative, thanks to which Circle Economy Foundation - over the years - has tracked global circularity and highlighted replicable case studies in its Circularity Gap Reports covering countries from Austria to Latin America and the Caribbean. The Initiative continues to bring together global, multi-sector stakeholders from academia, business, government and the

This report explores the potential of circular business models within the electronics industry, examining three models across four industry segments and throughout six lifecycle stages. The data utilized in the analysis stems from diverse sources: research papers, public databases, internal benchmarking, collaboration with external/internal partners etc.

Projections and estimations are grounded in a comprehensive approach, blending historical data extrapolated with logarithmic adjustments. Baseline data for lifecycle stages is constructed from product Life Cycle Assessments, considering both carbon footprint and cost perspectives. The focus is on capturing the significant impact of approximately 20% of products, which are estimated to constitute around 80% of their respective segments.